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How do digital technologies improve supply chain resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 39-50 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0230-4

摘要： Digital technologies (DTs) can assist businesses in coping with supply chain (SC) disruptions caused by unpredictability, such as pandemics. However, the current knowledge of the relationship between DTs and supply chain resilience (SCR) is insufficient. This study draws on information processing theory to develop a serial mediation model to address this deficiency. We analyze a sample set consisting of 264 Chinese manufacturers. The empirical results reveal that digital supply chain platforms (DSCPs), as well as supply chain traceability (SCT) and supply chain agility (SCA), fully mediate the favorable association between DTs and SCR. Specifically, the four significant indirect paths indicated that firms can improve SCR only if they use DTs to directly or indirectly improve SCT and SCA (through DSCPs). Our study contributes to the literature on resilience by examining the possible mechanism of mediation through which DTs influence SCR. The findings also offer essential insights for firms to modify their digital strategies and thrive in a turbulent environment.

关键词： digital technologies supply chain resilience information processing theory COVID-19 China

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面向智慧能源系统的数字孪生技术及其应用

唐文虎,陈星宇,钱瞳,刘刚,李梦诗,李立浧

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 74-85 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.010

摘要：

智慧能源战略为能源行业转型提供互联互通、透明开放、互惠共享的能源共享平台，数字孪生技术将助力解决智慧能源发展所面临的技术与市场壁垒问题。当前数字孪生技术在智慧能源行业应用仍处于起步阶段，相关的技术拓展和应用场景研究仍不充分，尚未形成系统性的研究框架。本文旨在总结国内外面向智慧能源系统的数字孪生技术的发展经验并探讨其未来发展思路，以期促进数字孪生技术在智慧能源行业中的深化应用。通过比较国内外不同领域对数字孪生技术的定义和应用，探讨了面向智慧能源系统的数字孪生技术的定义，对其通用架构、关键技术和生态构建分别进行了阐述。据此进一步分析了数字孪生技术在智慧能源行业的部署和应用案例。从技术发展、生态构建和政策建立三方面给出了对策建议，以期为数字孪生技术在智慧能源行业的工程应用提供参考。

关键词：智慧能源系统，数字孪生，通用架构，能源系统生态

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Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 177-182 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0241-1

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Revisiting digital twins: Origins, fundamentals, and practices

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 668-676 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0216-2

摘要： The digital twins (DT) has quickly become a hot topic since it was proposed. It appears in all kinds of commercial propaganda and is widely quoted by academic circles. However, the term DT has misstatements and is misused in business and academics. This study revisits DT and defines it to be a more advanced system/product/service modeling and simulation environment that combines most modern information communication technologies (ICTs) and engineering mechanism digitization and characterized by system/product/service life cycle management, physically geometric visualization, real-time sensing and measurement of system operating conditions, predictability of system performance/safety/lifespan, and complete engineering mechanisms-based simulations. The idea of DT originates from modeling and simulation practices of engineering informatization, including virtual manufacturing (VM), model predictive control, and building information modeling (BIM). On the basis of the two-element VM model, we propose a three-element model to represent DT. DT does not have its unique technical characteristics. The existing practices of DT are extensions of the engineering informatization embracing modern ICTs. These insights clarify the origin of DT and its technical essentials.

关键词： virtual manufacturing digital twins modeling and simulation digitization computational engineering

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Development trend of urban design in “digital age”: Pan-dimensionality and individual-ubiquity

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 569-575 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0735-7

摘要： The wave of “digital age” featuring digital information is coming. Digital technology is profoundly changing the societal development direction and evolution paths. It also has significant bearing on production modes, social interactions and lifestyles. With regard to urban design, a system of knowledge about the creation and adaptation of material space forms that integrate humanities, art, technology and materials, digital technology has provided it with a brand-new and revolutionary scientific impetus for its evolution. The result of this evolution is “digital urban design paradigm based on human-computer interaction”, i.e., the urban development is moving toward “pan-dimensionality” and “individual ubiquity”. The future of urban design will construct a new approach to urban research and engineering, which is more complex, capable of accommodating and compatible with multiple goals of “instrumental rationality” and “value rationality”. Such a new approach shall be led by the probabilistic theory of “gray scale thinking”, reflecting quaternary synergetic view of “scientific rationality, ecological rationality, cultural rationality and technical rationality” to realize the cognitive progress of “engineering for the benefit of mankind”.

关键词： digital age urban design multiple objectives human-computer interaction pan-dimensionality individual-ubiquity

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Embracing digital mindsets to ensure a sustainable future

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1799-0

关键词： Wildlife Climate Change Heavy metals Noise LAN Light pollution

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Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

摘要： In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

关键词： disruptive technologies supply chain resilience efficiency paradox balance

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Design of a digital currency information system based on the UnionPay network

Hongfeng CHAI, Quan SUN, Yu ZHOU, Tao ZHU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 471-484 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0134-0

摘要： Digital currency can reduce the issuance and circulation costs of physical cash and improve the convenience and transparency of economic activities. Therefore, digital currency has received widespread attention from central banks in recent years. As an important financial infrastructure, the UnionPay network is expected to provide effective support for the construction and operation of a digital currency system. This study uses the UnionPay network as basis to systematically propose a digital currency information system from three aspects, namely, digital currency account opening, exchange, and use, and further expounds on the operation mechanism of a digital currency information system prototype. This study also discusses how to apply blockchain technology to digital currency, such as using distributed ledger for digital currency confirmation and registration and using blockchain-enabled smart contracts to realize the forward guidance function of the central bank digital currency. Lastly, the current research introduces the value of using the UnionPay network to support the operation of a digital currency information system and its technical challenges, aiming to provide beneficial guidance and reference for future research effort.

关键词： UnionPay network digital currency information system blockchain smart contracts

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Development of a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution

Qiang GAO, Yuchuan ZHU, Changwen WU, Yulei JIANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第2期页码 420-434 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0622-2

摘要： Pilot two-stage proportional valves are widely used in high-power hydraulic systems. For the purpose of improving the dynamic performance, reliability, and digitization of the traditional proportional valve, a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution is proposed from the viewpoint of the dual nozzle-flapper valve’s working principle. In particular, the dual nozzle-flapper is decoupled by two high-speed on/off valves (HSVs). First, the working principle and mathematical model of the proposed valve are determined. Then, the influences of the control parameters (duty cycle and switching frequency) and structural parameters (fixed orifice’s diameter and main valve’s spring) on the main valve’s motion are analyzed on the basis of theory, simulation, and experiment. In addition, in optimizing the value of the fixed orifice’s diameter, a new design criterion that considers the maximum pressure sensitivity, flow controllability, and flow linearization is proposed to improve the balance between the effective displacement and the displacement fluctuation of the main valve. The new scheme is verified by simulations and experiments. Experimental results of the closed-loop displacement tracking have demonstrated that the delay time of the main valve is always within 3.5 ms under different working conditions, and the tracking error can be significantly reduced using the higher switching frequency. The amplitude–frequency experiments indicate that a ‒3 dB-frequency of the proposed valve can reach 9.5 Hz in the case of±50% full scale and 15 Hz in the case of 0%–50% full scale. The values can be further improved by increasing the flow rate of the pilot HSV.

关键词： two-stage proportional valve digital flow distribution high-speed on/off valve position tracking characteristic dynamic performance

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Three-scale stochastic homogenization of elastic recycled aggregate concrete based on nano-indentation digital

Chen WANG, Yuching WU, Jianzhuang XIAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 461-473 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0441-7

摘要： In this paper, three-scale stochastic elastic finite element analyses are made for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) based on nano-indentation digital images. The elastic property of RAC contains uncertainties across scales. It has both theoretical and practical values to model and predict its mechanical performance. Based on homogenization theory, effective stochastic elastic moduli of RAC at three different scales are obtained using moving window technique, nano-indentation digital images, and Monte-Carlo method. It involves the generation of a large number of random realizations of microstructure geometry based on different volume fraction of the inclusions and other parameters. The mean value, coefficient of variation and probability distribution of the effective elastic moduli are computed considering the material multiscale structure. The microscopic randomness is taken into account, and correlations of RAC among five phases are investigated. The effective elastic properties are used to obtain the global behavior of a composite structure. It is indicated that the response variability can be considerably affected by replacement percentage of recycled aggregates.

关键词： RAC nano-indentation digital image multiscale microscopic randomness homogenization

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Assessing compressive strengths of mortar and concrete from digital images by machine learning techniques

Amit SHIULY; Debabrata DUTTA; Achintya MONDAL

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 347-358 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0819-z

摘要： Compressive strength is the most important metric of concrete quality. Various nondestructive and semi-destructive tests can be used to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete. In the present study, a new image-based machine learning method is used to predict concrete compressive strength, including evaluation of six different models. These include support-vector machine model and various deep convolutional neural network models, namely AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG19, ResNet, and Inception-ResNet-V2. In the present investigation, cement mortar samples were prepared using each of the cement:sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, and using the water:cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.55. Cement concrete was prepared using the cement:sand:coarse aggregate ratios of 1:5:10, 1:3:6, 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2, using the water:cement ratio of 0.5 for all samples. The samples were cut, and several images of the cut surfaces were captured at various zoom levels using a digital microscope. All samples were then tested destructively for compressive strength. The images and corresponding compressive strength were then used to train machine learning models to allow them to predict compressive strength based upon the image data. The Inception-ResNet-V2 models exhibited the best predictions of compressive strength among the models tested. Overall, the present findings validated the use of machine learning models as an efficient means of estimating cement mortar and concrete compressive strengths based on digital microscopic images, as an alternative nondestructive/semi-destructive test method that could be applied at relatively less expense.

关键词： support vector machine deep convolutional neural network microscope digital image curing period

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Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 510-525 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0460-z

摘要：

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile microfluidics technology that has significant application potential in the areas of automation and miniaturization. In DMF, discrete droplets containing samples and reagents are controlled to implement a series of operations via electrowetting-on-dielectric. This process works by applying electrical potentials to an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic dielectric layer. Unlike microchannels, DMF facilitates precise control over multiple reaction processes without using complex pump, microvalve, and tubing networks. DMF also presents other distinct features, such as portability, less sample consumption, shorter chemical reaction time, flexibility, and easier combination with other technology types. Due to its unique advantages, DMF has been applied to a broad range of fields (e.g., chemistry, biology, medicine, and environment). This study reviews the basic principles of droplet actuation, configuration design, and fabrication of the DMF device, as well as discusses the latest progress in DMF from the biochemistry perspective.

关键词： digital microfluidics electrowetting on dielectric discrete droplet biochemistry

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Digital switched hydraulics

Min PAN, Andrew PLUMMER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第2期页码 225-231 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0509-7

摘要：

This paper reviews recent developments in digital switched hydraulics particularly the switched inertance hydraulic systems (SIHSs). The performance of SIHSs is presented in brief with a discussion of several possible configurations and control strategies. The soft switching technology and high-speed switching valve design techniques are discussed. Challenges and recommendations are given based on the current research achievements.

关键词： digital hydraulics switched inertance hydraulic systems energy efficiency high-speed switching valve fluid-borne noise

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Digital twin-driven smart supply chain

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 56-70 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0186-9

摘要： Today’s supply chain is becoming complex and fragile. Hence, supply chain managers need to create and unlock the value of the smart supply chain. A smart supply chain requires connectivity, visibility, and agility, and it needs be integrated and intelligent. The digital twin (DT) concept satisfies these requirements. Therefore, we propose creating a DT-driven supply chain (DTSC) as an innovative and integrated solution for the smart supply chain. We provide background information to explain the DT concept and to demonstrate the method for building a DTSC by using the DT concept. We discuss three research opportunities in building a DTSC, including supply chain modeling, real-time supply chain optimization, and data usage in supply chain collaboration. Finally, we highlight a motivating case from JD.COM, China’s largest retailer by revenue, in applying the DTSC platform to address supply chain network reconfiguration challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： digital twin supply chain management

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A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter: simulation and experimentation

Subbaraman SRINATH, Chandan KUMAR, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 119-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0288-0

摘要： A novel and simple control algorithm using digital signal processor (DSP) has been proposed and realized for a three phase shunt active filter (SAF). The simulation and prototype construction of SAF is conducted to compensate the reactive power and harmonics in a distribution system. The major feature of the proposed algorithm is that it does not require unit vector templates and any transformations for the reference current generation of SAF. This reduces the computational complexity and makes the control flexible and faster. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK while DSP TMS320LF2407 is employed in the digital implementation of hysteresis current control (HCC) for experimentation. The hardware results correlate with the simulation results in reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the source current and achieving unity power factor.

关键词： shunt active filter (SAF) power quality voltage source inverter (VSI) digital signal processor (DSP) total harmonic distortion (THD) power factor improvement